1.4 Hojiirra Oolmaa Jiruuf Jireenyaan Walqabate
1. Kaayyoo Barumsaa (Objectives)
Barumsa kana erga xumurtanii booda:
- Lakkoofsota raashinaalii fayyadamuun rakkoolee guyyaa guyyaa ni hiiku.
- Gaaffilee jechaa (word problems) bifa foormulaa herregaatti ni jijjiiru.
- Bu'aa, kishaaraa, qodinsaa fi fageenya irratti herrega ni hojjetu.
2. Yaadannoo Bu'uuraa (Core Notes)
Rakkoolee jiruuf jireenyaa hiikuuf:
- Hubachuu: Gaafficha dubbisii maal akka siif kenname adda baafadhu.
- Model Gochuu: Jecha dhiyaate gara herregaatti (ab, +, -, ×, ÷) jijjiiri.
- Hojjechuu: Qoyyaba herregaa sirrii fayyadamuun bu'aa argadhu.
- Mirkaneeffachuu: Deebiin kee gaafficha waliin deemuu isaa laali.
3. Fakkeenyota (Solved Examples)
Fakkeenya 1: Inni tokko meetira
Deebii:
34
, inni kaan meetira 12
yoo ta'e, waliigala dheerinni isaanii meeqa?Deebii:
34
+ 12
= 3+24
= 54
= 1.25 meetira.
Fakkeenya 2: Birrii 800 keessaa
Deebii: 1/5 × 800 = 160. 800 - 160 = 640 Birrii.
15
yoo raabsame, meeqatu hafa?Deebii: 1/5 × 800 = 160. 800 - 160 = 640 Birrii.
Fakkeenya 3: Yoo konkolaataan tokko sa'aatii tokkotti km 80 deema ta'e, sa'aatii
Deebii: 80 × 3/4 = (80÷4) × 3 = 20 × 3 = 60 km.
34
keessatti km meeqa deema?Deebii: 80 × 3/4 = (80÷4) × 3 = 20 × 3 = 60 km.
Fakkeenya 4: Litira 5 bishaanii xoofoo
Deebii: 5 ÷ (1/4) = 5 × 4 = 20 xoofoo.
14
qabutti yoo hiramme, xoofoo meeqa guuta?Deebii: 5 ÷ (1/4) = 5 × 4 = 20 xoofoo.
Fakkeenya 5: Sukkaara kg 2 keessaa
Deebii: 2 - 0.75 = 1.25 kg (ykn 5/4 kg).
34
yoo fayyadamne, kg meeqatu hafa?Deebii: 2 - 0.75 = 1.25 kg (ykn 5/4 kg).
4. Gaaffilee Shaakalaafi Ibsa (15 Questions)
Gaaffilee armaan gadii hojjedhu, ergasii "Deebii fi Ibsa Laali" cuqaasi.
1. Meetira 10 keessaa
12
yoo murame meeqaatu hafa?
Deebii: 9.5 meetira
Ibsa: 10 - 0.5 = 9.5 meetira hafa.
2. Birrii 200 keessaa
14
yoo baaste, meeqa qabda?
Deebii: Birrii 150
Ibsa: 1/4 × 200 = 50. 200 - 50 = 150 hafa.
3.
35
bishaan litira 50 meeqa?
Deebii: 30 litira
Ibsa: (3/5) × 50 = 3 × 10 = 30 litira.
4. Yoo namni 2 bultii
12
keessatti hojii xumure, namni 1 bultii meeqa fixu?
Deebii: 1 bultii
Ibsa: Hojiin namni 2 walakkaa (0.5) guyyaatti hojjetan, namni tokko guyyaa guutuu (1) itti fudhata.
5. Birrii 40-n qalamni 8 yoo bitame, qalamni tokko meeqa?
Deebii: Birrii 5
Ibsa: 40 ÷ 8 = 5 Birrii.
6.
58
kg mimiixaa keessaa 18
yoo hir'ate meeqa hafa?
Deebii: 1/2 kg
Ibsa: (5-1)/8 = 4/8 = 1/2 kg (0.5 kg).
7. Meetira 15 keessaa
13
yoo murame meeqa hafa?
Deebii: 10 meetira
Ibsa: 1/3 × 15 = 5. 15 - 5 = 10 hafa.
8. Kitaaba 300 keessaa
13
yoo raabsame meeqatu hafa?
Deebii: 200 kitaaba
Ibsa: 1/3 × 300 = 100. 300 - 100 = 200 hafa.
9. Kiiloomeetira 32 keessaa
38
meeqa?
Deebii: 12 km
Ibsa: (3/8) × 32 = 3 × 4 = 12 km.
10. Litira 3 keessatti xoofoon
12
meeqa argama?
Deebii: 6 xoofoo
Ibsa: 3 ÷ 1/2 = 3 × 2 = 6 xoofoo.
11. Sukkaara kg 20 bakka 4-tti yoo hiramme, tokko meeqa?
Deebii: 5 kg
Ibsa: 20 ÷ 4 = 5 kg.
12.
23
sa'aatii daqiiqaa meeqa?
Deebii: 40 daqiiqaa
Ibsa: 2/3 × 60 = 120 / 3 = 40 daqiiqaa.
13. Birrii 120 keessaa
14
yoo fayyadamne meeqa hafa?
Deebii: Birrii 90
Ibsa: 1/4 × 120 = 30. 120 - 30 = 90 hafa.
14.
16
kg fi 56
kg waliigala meeqa?
Deebii: 1 kg
Ibsa: 1/6 + 5/6 = 6/6 = 1 kg.
15. Meetira 20 keessaa
35
meeqa?
Deebii: 12 meetira
Ibsa: (3/5) × 20 = 3 × 4 = 12 meetira.